Letter · 1796

Washington’s Farewell Address

Announcing that he would not accept a third term, Washington addressed the American people in a letter first published in Philadelphia in Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser; it was never delivered as a speech. Drawing on a draft James Madison had prepared in 1792 and on revisions by Alexander Hamilton, he urged Americans to cherish the Union, warned against sectional division and “the baneful effects of the Spirit of Party,” called religion and morality indispensable supports of political prosperity, and counseled the nation to steer clear of permanent alliances.

“Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of Patriotism, who should labour to subvert these great Pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the duties of Men & citizens.”

George Washington, September 19, 1796

Why it matters

Washington’s retirement after two terms set a precedent that held until 1940, and his counsel on unity, faction and foreign entanglements has shaped American debate ever since; the Senate has read the address aloud each year since 1896.

Read the full text at founders.archives.gov

Primary Source

The original record, reproduced or linked from the institution that holds it. Primary sources show what people said and did in their own words.

Subjects

founding union political parties foreign policy faith

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